Suchergebnisse

[ES] Hoy en día la cadena de bloques o bockchain está llegando a nuestros oídos como un método para gestionar datos y activos digitales debido a que bitcoin lo utiliza. Su funcionamiento se está implantando principalmente en el ámbito de transacciones financieras. Pero esta tecnología en desarrollo se puede aprovechar para algo más que verificar la fiabilidad de transacciones financieras; también puede ser útil para el ámbito de las instituciones y de la gestión administrativa que les corresponden. Esta tecnología garantiza la transparencia e integridad de la información, para mantener la seguridad de la ciudadanía, y, sobre todo, para luchar contra el soborno y la corrupción que son tan comunes en estos días. Por ello, en este trabajo se propone una investigación de los ámbitos de acción del bockchain en distintos sectores y los posibles beneficios que puede aportar para el cambio del modelo de negocio. Este proyecto se centrará en el ámbito del sector público y en la participación ciudadana, mostrando su aplicación con un ejemplo. Con este nuevo método de trabajo sobre el sector público se puede aumentar la confianza de la ciudanía a las instituciones que almacenan e intercambian información de valor ; [EN] Nowadays blockchain is reaching our ears as a method to manage data and digital assets thanks to the bitcoin revolution. It is mainly implemented on the field of financial transactions. But this technology in development can be used for more, verify the reliability of financial transactions, also in the institutions administrative management scope that appertain to them. This technology guarantees the information's' transparency and integrity, to maintain the citizens' security, and, above all, to fight against bribery and corruption of which we hear every day. Therefore, this paper proposes a research on the blockchain action areas in different sectors and the possible benefits of changing its business model. This project will focus on the public sector and on citizen participation, showing its application ...

ilustraciones ; Este trabajo busca evaluar el rol de la contabilidad en la constitución de subjetividades en estudiantes universitarios de Colombia entre 2000 y 2015, analizando la concepción que se promueve en las personas que aspiran y acceden a la educación superior mediante un crédito educativo; para ello, se adopta el marco de la gubernamentalidad posibilitado por la deuda (Foucault, 1988; Lazzarato, 2015). Vincula las perspectivas de investigación que asumen la contabilidad como una práctica que contribuye al ejercicio de poder en la sociedad biopolítica (Mennicken y Miller, 2012, 2014), que condiciona la conducta con parámetros predefinidos, en este caso, promueve un imaginario de los beneficios financieros futuros de las personas con titulación universitaria. Examina las justificaciones económicas de la educación que soporta las evaluaciones y las recomendaciones de los organismos multilaterales, al identificar su relación con las políticas púbicas que orientan los programas que promueven la educación superior como un mercado, a las titulaciones como un bien de mérito y a los estudiantes como consumidores-inversores. Para exponer este proceso, se examinan los sistemas de información educativa, y se analiza el contenido de los mensajes difundidos en medios masivos, la publicidad del sector y algunos testimonios de beneficiarios de los programas, identificando los mecanismos de la conducción de la población hacia prácticas de gestión de sí. De este modo, la problematización, la formulación de programas y el despliegue de tecnologías de punición y control, posibilitan la emergencia de una nueva mentalidad estudiantil financiarizada, donde la contabilidad es determinante al permitir la proyección de ingresos y egresos derivados de la titulación. ; This work seeks to evaluate the role of accounting in the constitution of subjectivities in university students in Colombia between 2000 and 2015, analyzing the conception promoted in people who aspire and access higher education through student loans; for this purpose, the framework of governmentality enabled by debt is adopted (Foucault, 1988; Lazzarato, 2015). It links research perspectives that assume accounting as a practice that contributes to the exercise of power in biopolitical society (Mennicken y Miller, 2012, 2014a), conditioning behavior with predefined parameters, in this case, promoting an imaginary of the future financial benefits of individuals with university degrees. It examines the economic justifications of education that support the evaluations and recommendations of multilateral agencies, identifying their relationship with public policies that guide programs that conceive higher education as a market, degrees as a merit good and students as consumers-investors. To show this process, the educational information systems are approached, and the content of the messages disseminated in the mass media, the advertising of the sector and some testimonies of beneficiaries of the programs are analyzed, identifying the mechanisms that lead the population towards self-management practices. In this way, the problematization, the formulation of programs and the deployment of technologies of punishment and control, make possible the emergence of a new financialized student mentality, where accounting is determinant in allowing the projection of income and expenses derived from the degree, where accounting is decisive in allowing the projection of income and expenditure derived from graduation. ; Cet article cherche à évaluer le rôle de la comptabilité dans la constitution des subjectivités des étudiants universitaires en Colombie entre 2000 et 2015, en analysant la conception qui est promue chez les personnes qui aspirent et accèdent à l'enseignement supérieur par le biais d'un crédit éducatif ; pour ce faire, il adopte le cadre de la gouvernementalité permise par la dette (Foucault, 1988 ; Lazzarato, 2015). Elle relie les perspectives de recherche qui supposent que la comptabilité est une pratique qui contribue à l'exercice du pouvoir dans la société biopolitique (Mennicken et Miller, 2012, 2014), qui conditionne le comportement avec des paramètres prédéfinis, dans ce cas, en promouvant un imaginaire des futurs avantages financiers des individus ayant des diplômes universitaires. Il examine les justifications économiques de l'éducation qui soutiennent les évaluations et les recommandations des agences multilatérales en identifiant leur relation avec les politiques publiques qui guident les programmes qui promeuvent l'enseignement supérieur comme un marché, les diplômes comme un bien de mérite et les étudiants comme des consommateurs-investisseurs. Pour exposer ce processus, nous examinons les systèmes d'information éducatifs, et analysons le contenu des messages diffusés dans les médias, la publicité du secteur et certains témoignages de bénéficiaires des programmes, en identifiant les mécanismes qui conduisent la population vers des pratiques d'autogestion. Ainsi, la problématisation, la formulation de programmes et le déploiement de technologies de sanction et de contrôle rendent possible l'émergence d'une nouvelle mentalité étudiante financiarisée, où la comptabilité est déterminante pour permettre la projection des revenus et des dépenses dérivés du diplôme. ; Maestría ; Magíster en Contabilidad y Finanzas ; Universidad, Educación y Contabilidad

Nano-scale investigations of bainitic structures formed at temperatures below 350 °C have shown that the bainitic ferrite lattice is super-saturated in carbon. A high density of intrinsic defects would be playing a part in the carbon-supersaturation levels detected. In this work, the role of C−vacancy complexes on carbon-supersaturation in low temperature bainite is investigated by means of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. Results reveal the presence of a significant amount of monovacancies in the structures that plays an important role on the formation of carbon clusters in the ferrite lattice of nano-scale bainitic structures. ; Tis research was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) in the form of a Coordinate Project (MAT2016-80875-C3-1-R and ENE2015-70300-C3-2-R); by the Regional Government of Madrid through the programs S2013/MAE-2745 TECHNOFUSION(II)-CM MINECO/FEDER, and S2013/MIT-2862-MULTIMAT-CHALLENGE; and the Research Fund for Coal and Steel under the Contracts RFCS-CT-2015-709607 and RFCS-CT-2016-754070.

Query-by-example spoken term detection (QbE STD) aims at retrieving data from a speech repository given an acoustic query containing the term of interest as input. Nowadays, it is receiving much interest due to the large volume of multimedia information. This paper presents the systems submitted to the ALBAYZIN QbE STD 2014 evaluation held as a part of the ALBAYZIN 2014 Evaluation campaign within the context of the IberSPEECH 2014 conference. This is the second QbE STD evaluation in Spanish, which allows us to evaluate the progress in this technology for this language. The evaluation consists in retrieving the speech files that contain the input queries, indicating the start and end times where the input queries were found, along with a score value that reflects the confidence given to the detection of the query. Evaluation is conducted on a Spanish spontaneous speech database containing a set of talks from workshops, which amount to about 7 h of speech. We present the database, the evaluation metric, the systems submitted to the evaluation, the results, and compare this second evaluation with the first ALBAYZIN QbE STD evaluation held in 2012. Four different research groups took part in the evaluations held in 2012 and 2014. In 2014, new multi-word and foreign queries were added to the single-word and in-language queries used in 2012. Systems submitted to the second evaluation are hybrid systems which integrate letter transcription- and template matching-based systems. Despite the significant improvement obtained by the systems submitted to this second evaluation compared to those of the first evaluation, results still show the difficulty of this task and indicate that there is still room for improvement. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government ('SpeechTech4All Project' TEC2012 38939 C03 01 and 'CMC-V2 Project' TEC2012 37585 C02 01), the Galician Government through the research contract GRC2014/024 (Modalidade: Grupos de Referencia Competitiva 2014) and 'AtlantTIC Project' CN2012/160, and also by the Spanish Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under project TACTICA.

The bainitic ferrite plate thickness is the main parameter that controls the strength of this type of microstructures. Such thickness has been proved to mainly depend on the austenite yield strength, the driving force for the transformation and the transformation temperature. However, no research has focused on how these parameters evolve throughout the transformation and how this evolution can affect the outcome. In this study, thermal and thermomechanical treatments have been performed in three selected steels. The treatments have been designed in such a way that all the mentioned parameters are comparable, aiming to obtain similar microstructures in terms of bainitic ferrite plate thickness. However, significant differences have been found among the microstructures, with variations in plate thickness larger than 100 nm. These results indicate that there might be other factors that take part in the scale of bainitic microstructures. To explain these differences and based on the kinetics of the transformation and on the carbon content of austenite at the end of the transformation, a possible explanation has been proposed. ; Richard Huizenga at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of the Delft University of Technology is acknowledged for the X-ray analysis. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support for this work by the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel under the Contracts RFCS-2015-709607 & RFCS-2019-899482 and by the Program Atracción de talento investigador (Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Comunidad de Madrid), under the fellowship 2016-T2/IND-1693. They also acknowledge the support provided by the subsequent laboratories belonging to CENIM: X-Ray Diffraction, Metallography and Phase Transformations. The financial and equipment support from National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada is acknowledged by M. Jahazi and M. Zorgani acknowledges the scholarship provided by the Lybian government for his PhD studies.

[EN] A new, robust and simple method is proposed for the chemiluminescent determination of the pesticide Bromoxynil. The empirical procedure is performed with the aid of a flow-injection manifold provided with an on-line photo-reactor to obtain chemiluminescent photofragments. After a period of 12 s of irradiation with an 8 W low-pressure mercury lamp, a chemiluminescent oxidation was performed with the system potassium permanganate in a polyphosphoric acid medium. The photolysis required a basic medium (KOH 0.014 mol l(-1)) with ethanol (1%) as a sensitizer. The method allowed the determination of 134 samples h(-1) of Bromoxynil in a wide interval of concentrations, over the range 5 x 10(-3) - 1 mg l(-1); the detection limit was 5 x 10(-3) mg l(-1). The RSD (n = 24) at 0.25 mg l(-1) of the pesticide level was 2.3%. The method was applied to a water sample and to a formulation. ; This research was supported by Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spanish Government), Project BQU2002-04248-C02-01. ; Pawlicova, Z.; Albert-Garcia, JR.; Sahuquillo, I.; García Mateo, JV.; Catalá-Icardo, M.; Martínez Calatayud, J. (2006). Chemiluminescent determination of the pesticide bromoxynil by on-line photodegradation in a flow-injection assembly. Analytical Sciences. 22(1):29-34. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.22.29 ; S ; 29 ; 34 ; 22 ; 1

This paper introduces a tool that performs segmentation and labelling of sound chains in phono units, syllables and/or words departing from a sound signal and its corresponding orthographic transcription. In addition, it also integrates acoustic analysis scripts applied to the Praat programme with the aim of reducing the time spent on tasks related to analysis, correction, smoothing and generation of graphics of the melodic curve. The tool is implemented for Galician, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. Our goal is to contribute, by means of this application, to automatize some of the tasks of segmentation, labelling and prosodic analysis, since these tasks require a large investment of time and human resources. ; En este artículo se presenta una herramienta que realiza la segmentación y el etiquetado de cadenas sonoras en unidades de fono, sílaba y/o palabra partiendo de una señal sonora y de su correspondiente transcripción ortográfica. Además, integra scripts de análisis acústico que se ejecutan sobre el programa Praat con el fin de reducir el tiempo invertido en las tareas de análisis, corrección, suavizado y generación de gráficos de la curva melódica. La herramienta está implementada para gallego, español y portugués de Brasil. Nuestro objetivo es contribuir con esta aplicación a automatizar algunas de las labores de segmentación, etiquetado y análisis prosódico, pues constituyen tareas que requieren una gran inversión de tiempo y de recursos humanos. ; This work would have not been possible without the help of the Spanish Government (Project 'SpeechTech4All' TEC2012-38939-C03-01), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of the Autonomous Community of Galicia (GRC2014/024, "Consolidación de Unidades de Investigación: Proyecto AtlantTIC" CN2012/160) and the "Red de Investigación TecAnDAli" from the Council of Culture, Education and University Planning, Xunta de Galicia ; SI

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13636-015-0063-8 ; Spoken term detection (STD) aims at retrieving data from a speech repository given a textual representation of the search term. Nowadays, it is receiving much interest due to the large volume of multimedia information. STD differs from automatic speech recognition (ASR) in that ASR is interested in all the terms/words that appear in the speech data, whereas STD focuses on a selected list of search terms that must be detected within the speech data. This paper presents the systems submitted to the STD ALBAYZIN 2014 evaluation, held as a part of the ALBAYZIN 2014 evaluation campaign within the context of the IberSPEECH 2014 conference. This is the first STD evaluation that deals with Spanish language. The evaluation consists of retrieving the speech files that contain the search terms, indicating their start and end times within the appropriate speech file, along with a score value that reflects the confidence given to the detection of the search term. The evaluation is conducted on a Spanish spontaneous speech database, which comprises a set of talks from workshops and amounts to about 7 h of speech. We present the database, the evaluation metrics, the systems submitted to the evaluation, the results, and a detailed discussion. Four different research groups took part in the evaluation. Evaluation results show reasonable performance for moderate out-of-vocabulary term rate. This paper compares the systems submitted to the evaluation and makes a deep analysis based on some search term properties (term length, in-vocabulary/out-of-vocabulary terms, single-word/multi-word terms, and in-language/foreign terms). ; This work has been partly supported by project CMC-V2 (TEC2012-37585-C02-01) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This research was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund, the Galician Regional Government (GRC2014/024, "Consolidation of Research Units: AtlantTIC Project" CN2012/160).

Risk prediction tools cannot identify most individuals at high coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) and microRNAs are actively involved in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to examine the association of CAD and oxLDLs-induced microRNAs, and to assess the microRNAs predictive capacity of future CAD events. Human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with oxidized/native low-density lipoproteins, and microRNA expression was analyzed. Differentially expressed and CAD-related miRNAs were examined in serum samples from (1) a case-control study with 476 myocardial infarction (MI) patients and 487 controls, and (2) a case-cohort study with 105 incident CAD cases and 455 randomly-selected cohort participants. MicroRNA expression was analyzed with custom OpenArray plates, log rank tests and Cox regression models. Twenty-one microRNAs, two previously undescribed (hsa-miR-193b-5p and hsa-miR-1229-5p), were up- or down-regulated upon cell treatment with oxLDLs. One of the 21, hsa-miR-122-5p, was also upregulated in MI cases (fold change = 4.85). Of the 28 CAD-related microRNAs tested, 11 were upregulated in MI cases -1 previously undescribed (hsa-miR-16-5p)-, and 1/11 was also associated with CAD incidence (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.55 (0.35-0.88)) and improved CAD risk reclassification, hsa-miR-143-3p. We identified 2 novel microRNAs modulated by oxLDLs in endothelial cells, 1 novel microRNA upregulated in AMI cases compared to controls, and one circulating microRNA that improved CAD risk classification. ; This work was supported by the Spain's Ministry of Science and Innovation (Madrid, Spain), co-financed with European Union European Regional Development Funds –ERDF- (FIS-CP12/03287, FIS-14/00449, FIS-PI081327, INTRASALUD PI11/01801, PI15/00064, IJCI-2016-29393 to DdG-C, CIBERCV (CB16/11/00229, 00246, 00403), CIBERESP CB06/02/0029, CIBEROBN CB06/03/0028); the Spain's ministry of Economy and Competiveness (Madrid, Spain) (BFU2016-75360-R); the BBVA Foundation (Bilbao, Spain) (PR-16-BIO-CAR-0041); the Health Departament of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Barcelona, Spain) through the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca de Catalunya (AGAUR) (Barcelona, Spain) (2017SGR222), the Strategic Plan for research and health innovation (PERIS) (Barcelona, Spain) (SLT006/17/00234, SLT002/16/00145, SLT006/17/00029 to IRD); and by the Junta de Castilla y León (Valladolid, Spain) (VA114P17). CIBERs of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), and Epidemiology (CIBERESP) are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.